Elements of sanitary engineering by Merriman Mansfield 1848-

Author:Merriman, Mansfield, 1848- [from old catalog] & Merriman, Richard M. [from old catalog]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Sanitary engineering
Publisher: New York, John Wiley & sons, inc.; [etc., etc.]
Published: 1918-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

Bell Trap.

S T^p.

sometimes used in sinks, has a bell attached to the strainer to prevent the rise of gases; this is an objectionable trap because the space around the bell is so large as to collect solid matter, and moreover its efficiency is entirely destroyed whenever the strainer is removed. The D trap is a better arrangement for a sink, and the S trap is better still. The last sketch shows one of the so-called mechanical traps where a rubber ball is

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held by the pressure of the water against the end of the inlet pipe; other mechanical traps use valves or floats for the same purpose. There are also traps in which a mercury seal is used, arrangement being made that the water cannot force out the mercury.

A good trap is one constructed so that it will be thoroughly scoured by the water passing through it, so that evaporation cannot occur and so that syphonage cannot take place. The term syphonage is used to designate the emptying of the trap; thus if water moves slowly through the S trap the water level ■will remain as shown in the figure, but if a large quantity is discharged the velocity causes a negative pressure, so that the atmosphere acting down the inlet pipe forces all the water out of the trap. To prevent syphonage a vent pipe, shown by broken lines, is inserted on the sewer side of the trap and this runs to an open vent tube; by this arrangement the atmospheric pressure acts on the water in both sides of the trap. It is an advantage of some of the mechanical traps that syphonage cannot occur, and hence that vent pipes and tubes are unnecessary. It is desirable that every trap should be so arranged that it can be drained and its interior be inspected by the plumber.

The laundry tubs discharge soap and the kitchen sink discharges both soap and grease, which are liable to clog the main soil pipe. In hotels and large houses this evil becomes so great that a special device, called a grease trap, is generally used. This is a box placed below the main trap and having a cover which can be easily taken off. The inlet pipe enters near the top, and the outlet pipe is a syphon rising from the bottom, and thus the soap and grease are left to float on the surface of the water, whence they are removed once a week.

Every laundry tub, sink, wash-stand, and bath-tub must be provided with an overflow pipe, and it is important that this should join the outlet pipe above and not below the trap, for

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HOUSE FIXTURES.

HS

otherwise the gas will rise into the room through the overflow pipe. It often happens that plumbers, in order to effect a straight connection, will make such an improper junction. If possible all traps should be above the floor, where they are easy of access, and by a little careful planning on the part of the plumber this can generally be done.

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